Identify the elements of medical negligence: duty of care, breach, causation, and damage. Explain standards of care including tests such as the Reasonable Man’s Test, Bolam Test, and Bolitho Test. Discuss common areas of litigation in medical negligence (e.g., misdiagnosis, surgical errors, informed consent). Analyze causation principles including Novus Actus Interveniens and remoteness of damage. Review defenses to negligence and statutory limitations. Highlight remedies available for medical negligence claims. Examine notable case law and its application in determining liability. Promote strategies to prevent negligence and improve patient safety and professional practice.